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The Northern Sea Route

The Northern Sea Route

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Description

The allure of the mysterious Northeast Passage has captivated adventurers for centuries. Its Russian-controlled waters are steeped in history and mystery, while abundant wildlife is found along its remote shores. Only a handful of passenger vessels have ever completed a transit of this waterway, but recent changes in the summer sea ice conditions mean that it is now possible for a brief time each summer. In 2017, we fulfilled our long held ambition of completing a successful Northeast Passage double transit. We are excited to once again be running this geographical odyssey from Anadyr to Murmansk in 2021. Join us as we trace the route of legendary Polar explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiold, navigate narrow fiords, search for unique wildlife, glimpse into the past and experience the warmth of Arctic hospitality in local villages.

Having been sought for centuries by European explorers who hypothesised upon its presence and economic benefits, The Great Northern Expedition of 1733-43, sponsored by Peter the Great, made many significant discoveries, but also revealed the route was not an economic trading proposition.

It wasn’t until 1878-1880 that Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiold completed the first ever transit proving that the route was navigable, albeit with some difficulty. In 1914-15 Boris Vil’kitskiy, with icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach, made the second transit of the Northern Sea Route as part of a major push by the Imperial Russian Navy to render it navigable for strategic purposes. The development of the Northern Sea Route became a central objective of the Soviet Union’s policy for its Arctic regions so in 1932 the Northern Sea Route Administration was established.

The vast shallow waters north of Russia, protected by the expansive sea ice that covers the region for most of the year, are a refuge for many Arctic species; Polar Bears roam throughout but there are especially large concentrations on the reserves of Wrangel Island and Franz Josef Land. During our voyage we travel through the ranges of the Pacific, Laptev and Atlantic Walrus and there is the opportunity to encounter these iconic tooth walkers in large haulouts. The triumvirate of Arctic gulls – Ivory, Sabine’s and the elusive Ross’s Gulls all breed on the shores of the Northeast Passage and there are good opportunities to see all three. While Bowhead, Beluga and Narwhal Whales all call these waters home and our naturalists will be keeping close watch.

Venture ashore on some of the least known and seldom visited shores on the planet, Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago was the last major group of islands on earth to be discovered, the New Siberian Islands offer a wealth of opportunities for discovery. Sailing the mythical waters of Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, Kara & Barents Sea this is truly a geographic odyssey.

Our vessels were built for navigating passages like this, with Akademik Shokalskiy participating in a Soviet convoy in the late 1980s, and in 2017 transiting the passage twice unassisted with Heritage Expeditions. We invite you to join us on an historic journey to discover High Arctic landscapes that few people have witnessed, enjoy wildlife and wilderness experiences that until now have been the preserve of a few High Arctic explorers and researchers.

Trip Name
The Northern Sea Route
Days
27
Overview
Vessel Type: Expedition Length: 72 metres Passenger Capacity: 50 Built / refurbished: 1984 / 2018 The Spirit of Enderby is a fully ice-strengthened expedition vessel, built in 1984 for polar and oceanographic research and is perfect for Expedition Travel. She carries just 50 passengers and was refurbished in November 2004 to provide comfortable accommodation in twin share cabins approximately half of which have private facilities. All cabins have outside windows or portholes and ample storage space. On board there is a combined bar/library lounge area and a dedicated lecture room. The cuisine is excellent and is prepared by top NZ and Australian chefs. The real focus and emphasis of every expedition is getting you ashore as often as possible for as long as possible with maximum safety and comfort. Our Expeditions are accompanied by some of the most experienced naturalists and guides, who have devoted a lifetime to field research in the areas that we visit. The ship is crewed by a very enthusiastic and most experienced Russian Captain and crew. The name Spirit of Enderby honours the work and the vision of the Enderby Brothers of London. The Enderby Captains were at the forefront of Antarctic exploration for almost 40 years in the early 1800’s. It also celebrates Enderby Island, arguably the greatest Subantarctic Island in the world. a) our fleet of RIB’s, (rigid inflatable boats) sometimes referred to as zodiacs. These extremely safe and stable craft will land you at some of the most amazing places.

Itinerary



Day 1 - Day 0: Nome
For those departing from Nome,Alaska, your adventure beginswith a flight across the BeringSea to the Anadyr, the capital ofChukotka and the starting pointfor our expedition.During the flight you will crossthe International Date Line,arriving into Anadyr on Day 1. It isadvised that you arrive in Nomethe day before or by middaytoday at the latest.
Day 2 - Day 1: Anadyr
Join your ship this afternoon inAnadyr, the bustling politicaland commercial hub ofChukotka. Once aboard joinyour expedition leader forintroductions to the ship, staffand crew. This evening thereare excellent chances to spotBeluga Whales as we sail out ofthe Anadyr Estuary.
Day 3 - Day 2: Preobrazhnaya Bay
Crossing the Gulf of Anadyrthere will be opportunities forwildlife watching as well as timeto become familiar with theship. This afternoon we plan toexplore the magnificent coastalcliffs of Preobrazhnaya Bay byZodiac, these cliffs are hometo an exceptional diversity andabundance of seabirds includingBrunnich’s Guillemot, Crestedand Parakeet Auklets plus Tuftedand Horned Puffins.
Day 4 - Day 3: Whale Bone Alley and Gil’mimyl Hot Springs
We visit Whale Bone Alley onYttygran Island, one of themost significant and intriguingarchaeological sites in the Arctic.The name comes from the largenumber of Bowhead Whale jawbones placed along the beachin the form of a pathway. Thesite is believed to date from the14th century and its origins andpurpose and even the identityof those that built it are stilldebated. The waters nearbyremain rich feeding grounds forwhales and weather permitting,we will look to take the Zodiacsin search of Gray Whales andwalrus.This afternoon we plan a landingat the Gil’mimyl Hot Springs.Deep within the hills of eastern Chukotka, this is a beautifullocation for exploring the tundrawith its rich plant life and thechance to see Sandhill Craneswhich usually breed in the area.
Day 5 - Day 4: Cape Dezhnev and Uelen Village
Early this morning we will arriveat Cape Dezhnev, the easternextremity of the Eurasiancontinent. Named after theCossack explorer SemyonDezhnev, the first European tosail through the Bering Strait, itis sometimes possible to see thecoast of America just 50 nauticalmiles away. Ashore, visit themonument erected in honourof Dezhnev as well as explorethe remains of the traditionalChukchi village of Naukanfrom which the inhabitantswere resettled in the 1950s. TheBering Strait is a vitally importantmigratory pathway and we maysee flocks of King, Commonand Spectacled Eiders passingsouth. A few nautical miles tothe west of Cape Dezhnev isthe village of Uelen; the mostnorth-eastern village in Russia.In the afternoon we will get toenjoy the hospitality of the localpeople who are predominantlyChukchi. The village is the largestcentre for traditional Chukchiand Inuit art in the world. Acultural performance and visitto their famous bone-carvingstudio and museum will conclude the afternoon’s activities; worksproduced from this studio canbe found in most of the majorRussian museums.
Day 6 - Day 5: Kolyuchin Island
Today we plan to land onKolyuchin Island; a 4.2kmlong home to thousands ofseabirds just north of the Russianmainland. Although we will bevisiting after the peak of thebreeding season, there should stillbe large numbers of Tufted andHorned Puffins, Brunnich’s andCommon Guillemots and Black-legged Kittiwakes. There mayalso be an opportunity to Zodiaccruise around the base of thecliffs where there are excellentphotographic opportunities. Aswe set sail for Wrangel Island joinyour expedition team on deckas there will be good marinemammal watching opportunities– Humpback and BowheadWhales have been seen in thearea previously.
Day 7 - Days 6 to 8: Wrangel Island
Wrangel Island is one of thoseislands that you have to visit toappreciate. It is a Federal NatureReserve and World Heritage Siteof international significance. Itssignificance lies in the fact thatit is a major Polar Bear denningarea and one of the few areasof the Arctic to not be glaciatedduring recent glacial episodes. In fact it is sometimes referred toas a Polar Bear maternity wardon account of the large numbersof cubs born here. In additionto the Polar Bears for which it isrenowned there are numerousother Arctic species which wewill be looking for including MuskOx, Arctic Fox, Snow Geese andthe Snowy Owls which breedhere annually.Because Wrangel has not beenrecently glaciated the diversityof tundra flora is exceptional andduring walks ashore we shouldsee the last flowers of summer.With three days scheduled toexplore, the expedition teamin conjunction with the localrangers will customise ourprogram at Wrangel to deliverthe very best opportunities tosee and appreciate this trulyremarkable island andits inhabitants.
Day 8 - Day 9: East Siberian Sea
Join your expedition team tolearn more about the rich historyand wildlife of the NortheastPassage as our expert lecturersshare their knowledge whilewe transit the East SiberianSea. This sea is defined by theNovosibirskie Islands in the westand Wrangel Island to the east,along its southern shores arethree of Siberia’s major rivers,the Indigirka, Alazaya and the Kolyma. The average depth isonly 54 metres making it idealhabitat for walrus andBowhead Whales.
Day 9 - Day 10: Ayon Island
Guarding the easternapproaches to the KolymaGulf, Ayon Island is relativelylow lying with fertile tundra. TheChukchi people that call thisisland home are reindeer herdersand hunters, during the sovietera over 20,000 reindeer werefarmed on the island, today it is amore manageable 4,000. Despitethe harsh Arctic climate, we willenjoy the warm hospitality of thelocal people as we learn aboutlife on this remote island.
Day 10 - Day 11: Medvezhyi Islands
Today we will explore the littleknown and seldom visitedMedvezhyi Islands (Bear Islands),an archipelago of five graniticislands. As the name suggests,the islands have a sizeablepopulation of Polar Bears whichden on these shores over winter.A landing on the island ofChetyrekhstolbovoy offers theopportunity to hike to the unusualrock ‘pillows’ which the island isnamed after, the largest of theseresembling Moai from a distance.The abandoned weather stationhere is a fascinating example ofthe effects of permafrost meltingas it slowly slumps into the seawhile the very land upon which it was built disintegrates. OnPushkareva Island investigate theold lighthouse or enjoy the Arcticflowers that cover the expansivetundra during the brief summer
Day 11 - Day 12: East Siberian Sea
It was in this sea that theJeanette, captained by GeorgeWashington De Long, becamestuck fast and was crushed byice in 1879. The men made theirway from the sinking ship in openboats to the Kolmya River deltawhere many of them perished.Wreckage from theJeanettefound in Greenland in 1884 gaveNansen the idea for the nowfamous 1893-96FramExpeditiondrifting across the Arctic Ocean.
Day 12 - Days 13 to 14: Noviye Sebirskiye (New Siberian Islands)
These islands, which consist ofthree major groups – Southern,Central (Anzhu) and Northern (DeLong), mark the border betweenthe Laptev and East SiberianSeas. It is from this vicinity thatthe famed polar explorer andresearcher Fridtjof Nansen frozetheFraminto the sea ice in hisattempt to reach the geographicNorth Pole by means of thenatural ice drift of the ArcticOcean. The New Siberian Islandsare renowned for the preservationof the remains of mammoth,rhinoceros and other Pleistoceneinhabitants of the far north; it is not uncommon to encountertheir fossil remains while weexplore the islands. We haveallowed two days for exploringthis remarkable yet seldomvisited archipelago, conditionspermitting we hope to have theopportunity to visit all three islandgroups, each with their ownunique geology and landscapes.The highest island in the groupis the small Ostrov Bennetta(Bennett Island) which is alsoone of the most northerly in thearchipelago. On the southernshores of Great Lyakhovskiy Islandthere is an active meteorologicalstation which is permanentlymanned by a small contingent.
Day 13 - Days 15 to 16: Laptev Sea
This sea is bounded by theTaymyr Peninsula and theSevernaya Islands in the westand the Novosibirskie Islands inthe east. It is named in honourof cousins who were both Arcticexplorers. The Lena and the Yanaare two of the larger rivers thatdrain into this sea.Along the western shore of and quite isolated population ofwalrus. We may also have thechance to spot the lesser knownTaymyr form of Herring Gull.We depart from the Laptev Seathrough the Vilkitskiy Strait whichseparates the Severnaya Islandsfrom the mainland of Russia andalso marks the northern mostpoint of the Eurasian continent.This is a significant milestone onour journey, traditionally the lastarea where the ice clears andthe biological divide betweenthe Pacific and AtlanticOcean wildlife.the Laptev Sea we will takethe opportunity to explore theTaymyr Peninsula. Laptev SeaWalrus are only found in this areaand we will be on the lookout forhaulouts where we can spendtime photographing this unique
Day 14 - Days 17 to 19: Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago
The Severnaya Zemlya Islandstranslated into English mean‘Northern Land’. They are on theborder of the Kara and LaptevSeas and are an extension of theTaymyr Peninsula. These islandswere not discovered until 1914-15when Russian explorer Vilkitski finallycharted the island, this was the lastsignificant archipelago in the worldto be discovered. The three largestislands are heavily glaciated withdeep fiords and majestic tidewaterglaciers that are regularly calvingicebergs, providing a magnificentenvironment for cruising. This is oneof the last strongholds for Ivory Gullsand we look for an opportunity tovisit a colony.
Day 15 - Days 20 to 21: Kara Sea
Lying between Novaya Zemlaya,Franz Josef Land and theSevernaya Zemlya Archipelagowith two of Russia’s greatestrivers, the Ob and the Yeniseiflowing in along its southernshore the Kara Sea is generallyconsidered to be the coldest seain Russia. The large relatively flatOstrov Vize is along our route toFranz Josef Land and we will lookto make a landing, conditionspermitting. Interestingly this island was “discovered” by VladimirWiese who postulated on itspresence after analysing the driftof theSt Anna.
Day 16 - Days 22 to 24: Franz Josef Land
This huge archipelago of 192islands located only 10 degreesfrom the North Pole offersnumerous locations for us toexplore. Closed to outsiders fordecades Franz Josef Land istoday one of the great Arcticwildlife refuges, its position closeto the permanent ice of theArctic Ocean yet accessible tothe rich waters of the Atlanticgifts these waters an unusualdiversity and abundance ofmarine life. The islands werenamed in 1870 after EmperorFranz Josef when they werediscovered by the Payer-Weyprecht expedition that wassearching for the NortheastPassage. The islands have afascinating and rich record ofexploration, scientific researchand habitation.During our time here we havea busy schedule of landingsplanned including Cape Triest onAlger Island where the famous‘Devil’s Marbles’ (spherical geodes) dot the landscape,Cape Flora on Northbrook Islandwhere the remains of threehistoric expeditions are foundin close proximity and TikhayaBay on Hooker Island wherethe numbers of guillemots andkittiwakes on the remarkablecolumnar cliffs of Rubini Rock areunforgettable. We also plan toinclude a visit to Cape Tegetthoff,the first part of Franz Josef Landto be discovered. There is a veryhealthy population of Polar Bearsliving amongst the archipelagoand we will be keeping a closelookout for these both ashoreand on any ice which remains.Sailing within the islands thereare good chances to spotBeluga Whales and Bowhead Whale and if we are extremelyfortunate we may find theextraordinary Narwhal with itsunicorn-like single tusk.
Day 17 - Days 25 to 26: Barents Sea
The Barents Sea was namedin honour of Dutch seafarerand navigator, Willem Barents,who explored this region onexpeditions in 1594 and 1596.During our two days at sea wewill complete our lecture seriesand recap the experiencesof our voyage. As we movesouthwards the opportunitiesfor spotting the large numbersof Humpback Whales andHarp Seals that feed in thesewaters increase. Approachingthe coast of Russia join yourexpedition staff on deck as ourvoyage through the fabledwaters of the Northern SeaRoute draws to a conclusion.
Day 18 - Day 27: Murmansk
Murmansk is home to the Russia’sicebreaker fleet and featuredas a strategically important portthroughout the history of Russia.We will disembark the ship inMurmansk where complimentarytransfers to the airport or centralhotels will be available.
Day 19 - Please Note:
This expedition is subject toapproval from various RussianFederal and Regional Authoritiesand may have to changedepending on these approvals.Permits have been lodged for allthe sites mentioned in the itinerary,depending on approvals thesemay have to be amended orsubstituted. We will endeavour tokeep participants fully informedof any changes in the itinerary asand when they occur.

Trip Dates

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